sql server - データベースをコピーする最良の方法は何ですか？

Backup and Restore is the most straight-forward way I know. You have to be careful between servers as security credentials don't come with the restored database.

It is possible to skip the step of creating the empty database. You can create the new database as part of the restore process.

This is actually the easiest and best way I know of to clone a database. You can eliminate errors by scripting the backup and restore process rather than running it through the SQL Server Management Studio

There are two other options you could explore:

1. Detach the database, copy the .mdf file and re-attach.
2. Use SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS) to copy all the objects over

I suggest sticking with backup and restore and automating if necessary.

Here's a dynamic sql script I've used in the past. It can be further modified but it will give you the basics. I prefer scripting it to avoid the mistakes you can make using the Management Studio:

Declare @OldDB varchar(100)
Declare @NewDB varchar(100)
Declare @vchBackupPath varchar(255)
Declare @query varchar(8000)


/*Test code to implement 
Select @OldDB = 'Pubs'
Select @NewDB = 'Pubs2'
Select @vchBackupPath = '\\dbserver\C$\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Backup\pubs.bak'
*/

SET NOCOUNT ON;

Select @query = 'Create Database ' + @NewDB
exec(@query)

Select @query = '
Declare @vBAKPath varchar(256)
declare @oldMDFName varchar(100)
declare @oldLDFName varchar(100)
declare @newMDFPath varchar(100)
declare @newLDFPath varchar(100)
declare @restQuery varchar(800)

select @vBAKPath = ''' + @vchBackupPath + '''
select @oldLDFName = name from ' + @OldDB +'.dbo.sysfiles where filename like ''%.ldf%''
select @oldMDFName = name from  ' + @OldDB +'.dbo.sysfiles where filename like ''%.mdf%''
select @newMDFPath = physical_name from ' + @NewDB +'.sys.database_files where type_desc = ''ROWS''
select @newLDFPath = physical_name from ' + @NewDB +'.sys.database_files where type_desc = ''LOG''

select @restQuery = ''RESTORE DATABASE ' + @NewDB + 
' FROM DISK = N'' + '''''''' + @vBAKpath + '''''''' + 
'' WITH MOVE N'' + '''''''' + @oldMDFName + '''''''' +  
'' TO N'' + '''''''' + @newMDFPath + '''''''' +  
'', MOVE N'' + '''''''' + @oldLDFName + '''''''' +  
'' TO N'' + '''''''' + @newLDFPath + '''''''' +  
'', NOUNLOAD, REPLACE, STATS = 10''

exec(@restQuery)
--print @restQuery'


exec(@query)

The Publish to Provider functionality has worked great for me. See Scott Gu's Blog Entry.

If you need something really robust look at redgate software's tools here...if you are doing much SQL at all, these are worth the $$.

::================ BackUpAllMyDatabases.cmd ============= START
::BackUpAllMyDatabases.cmd
:: COMMAND LINE BATCH SCRIPT FOR TAKING BACKUP OF ALL DATABASES 

::RUN THE SQL SCRIPT VIA THE COMMAND LINE WITH LOGGING 
sqlcmd -S localhost -e  -i "BackUpAllMyDatabases.sql" -o Result_Of_BackUpAllMyDatabases.log

::VIEW THE RESULTS
Result_Of_BackUpAllMyDatabases.log

::pause
::================ BackUpAllMyDatabases.cmd ============= END


--=================================================BackUpAllMyDatabases.sql start
DECLARE @DBName varchar(255)

DECLARE @DATABASES_Fetch int

DECLARE DATABASES_CURSOR CURSOR FOR
    select
        DATABASE_NAME   = db_name(s_mf.database_id)
    from
        sys.master_files s_mf
    where
       -- ONLINE
        s_mf.state = 0 

       -- Only look at databases to which we have access
    and has_dbaccess(db_name(s_mf.database_id)) = 1 

        -- Not master, tempdb or model
    --and db_name(s_mf.database_id) not in ('Master','tempdb','model')
    group by s_mf.database_id
    order by 1

OPEN DATABASES_CURSOR

FETCH NEXT FROM DATABASES_CURSOR INTO @DBName

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
    declare @DBFileName varchar(256)    
    set @DBFileName = @DbName + '_' + replace(convert(varchar, getdate(), 112), '-', '.') + '.bak'
--REMEMBER TO PUT HERE THE TRAILING \ FOR THE DIRECTORY !!!
    exec ('BACKUP DATABASE [' + @DBName + '] TO  DISK = N''D:\DATA\BACKUPS\' + 
        @DBFileName + ''' WITH NOFORMAT, INIT,  NAME = N''' + 
        @DBName + '-Full Database Backup'', SKIP, NOREWIND, NOUNLOAD,  STATS = 100')

    FETCH NEXT FROM DATABASES_CURSOR INTO @DBName
END

CLOSE DATABASES_CURSOR
DEALLOCATE DATABASES_CURSOR

--BackUpAllMyDatabases==========================end

--======================RestoreDbFromFile.sql start
-- Restore database from file
-----------------------------------------------------------------
use master
go

declare @backupFileName varchar(100), @restoreDirectory varchar(100),
@databaseDataFilename varchar(100), @databaseLogFilename varchar(100),
@databaseDataFile varchar(100), @databaseLogFile varchar(100),
@databaseName varchar(100), @execSql nvarchar(1000)

-- Set the name of the database to restore
set @databaseName = 'ReplaceDataBaseNameHere'
-- Set the path to the directory containing the database backup
set @restoreDirectory = 'ReplaceRestoreDirectoryHere' -- such as 'c:\temp\'

-- Create the backup file name based on the restore directory, the database name and today's date

@backupFileName = @restoreDirectory + @databaseName + '-' + replace(convert(varchar, getdate(), 110), '-', '.') + '.bak'


-- set @backupFileName = 'D:\DATA\BACKUPS\server.poc_test_fbu_20081016.bak'

-- Get the data file and its path
select @databaseDataFile = rtrim([Name]),
@databaseDataFilename = rtrim([Filename])
from master.dbo.sysaltfiles as files
inner join
master.dbo.sysfilegroups as groups
on

files.groupID = groups.groupID
where DBID = (
select dbid
from master.dbo.sysdatabases
where [Name] = @databaseName
)

-- Get the log file and its path
select @databaseLogFile = rtrim([Name]),
@databaseLogFilename = rtrim([Filename])
from master.dbo.sysaltfiles as files
where DBID = (
select dbid
from master.dbo.sysdatabases
where [Name] = @databaseName
)
and
groupID = 0

print 'Killing active connections to the "' + @databaseName + '" database'

-- Create the sql to kill the active database connections
set @execSql = ''
select @execSql = @execSql + 'kill ' + convert(char(10), spid) + ' '
from master.dbo.sysprocesses
where db_name(dbid) = @databaseName
and
DBID <> 0
and
spid <> @@spid
exec (@execSql)

print 'Restoring "' + @databaseName + '" database from "' + @backupFileName + '" with '
print ' data file "' + @databaseDataFile + '" located at "' + @databaseDataFilename + '"'
print ' log file "' + @databaseLogFile + '" located at "' + @databaseLogFilename + '"'

set @execSql = '
restore database [' + @databaseName + ']
from disk = ''' + @backupFileName + '''
with
file = 1,
move ''' + @databaseDataFile + ''' to ' + '''' + @databaseDataFilename + ''',
move ''' + @databaseLogFile + ''' to ' + '''' + @databaseLogFilename + ''',
norewind,
nounload,
replace'

exec sp_executesql @execSql

exec('use ' + @databaseName)
go

-- If needed, restore the database user associated with the database
/*
exec sp_revokedbaccess 'myDBUser'
go

exec sp_grantdbaccess 'myDBUser', 'myDBUser'
go

exec sp_addrolemember 'db_owner', 'myDBUser'
go

use master
go
*/
--======================RestoreDbFromFile.sql